One of the most destructive developments in the Anthropocene is the mass extinction of species. Since the human factor is critical here, it matters profoundly how the role of humans vis-à-vis the earth’s biodiversity is construed. This project investigates in which way the Christian religious tradition may contribute to this debate. In particular, its seminal notion that humanity, unlike other animals, has been created ‘in the image of God’ (imago Dei) is analyzed. What is the potential of the concept of imago Dei to strengthen ecological responsibility in light of the current human-caused mass extinction? In its approach to this question, the study draws on biblical scholarship and systematic theology as well as environmental humanities scholarship to explore how human and non-human life are interrelated and what that means for our moral outlook. Most significantly, it is argued that a retrieval of particular historical, so-called ‘structural’ views of the imago Dei is helpful in rediscovering the spiritual value of biodiversity. That is to say, humans have the capacity to perceive the world and its biodiversity as a source of spirituality, engendering an awareness of transcendence. The concept of imago Dei traditionally encapsulates this aspect and is, therefore, specifically relevant in addressing human-caused extinction.
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